Compromiso neurológicoy cardiovascularen pacientes con triquinosis / Neurological and cardiovascular involventin patients with trichinosis

Introducción: La triquinosis es una infección parasitaria causada por nematodos del género Trichinella. El compromiso cardíaco no es habitual, pero representa la causa más frecuente de muerte por triquinosis, mientras que la afectación neurológica ocurre principalmente en pacientes severamente enfermos. Se sabe que a mayor cantidad de larvas ingeridas menor es el tiempo de incubación y mayor es la severidad de la enfermedad. Se presentan dos pacientes con compromiso del sistema nervioso central, uno de ellos cardiovascular, ambos pertenecientes a un brote de triquinosis ocurrido en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca.

Background: Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Cardiac involvement is not usual but represents the most frequent cause of death by trichinosis, while neurological affectation occurs mainly in severely ill patients. A greater number of larvae ingested, the shorter the incubation time and the greater the severity of the disease. We present two patients with compromise of the central nervous system and one of them cardiovascular, both belonging to an outbreak of trichinosis in the city of Bahía Blanca

¿Cumplimos el objetivo de farmacocinética y farmacodinamia en pacientes críticos que reciben antibióticos betalactámicos? / Do we meet the goal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients receiving beta-lactam antibiotics?

Introducción: Los pacientes críticamente enfermos presentan cambios fisiopatológicos que alteran las concentraciones de antibióticos betalactámicos. El objetivo fue determinar si las dosis de uso habitual en pacientes críticos alcanzan las concentraciones asociadas con mayor actividad y establecer las variables de PK/PD que se asocian con concentraciones subóptimas de antibiótico.Métodos: Estudio prospectivo realizado en una terapia intensiva de adultos en un periodo de 13 meses. Se incluyeron pacientes que recibieron cefazolina, ceftriaxona, ceftazidima o meropenem. Se realizó dosaje de concentración de antibiótico en plasma en el 50% del intervalo de dosis. Se calculó la concentración de antibiótico libre y se comparó con el objetivo 50% fT>CIM y el objetivo 50% fT>CIM x 4 para los microorganismos susceptibles definidos, según criterios del CLSI. Se comparó el grupo de pacientes que cumplió el objetivo 50% fT>CIM x 4 con el que no, en términos de variables de PK/PD.Resultados: Se incluyeron 29 determinaciones y 55 comparaciones. En el 92,7% de los casos se alcanzó el objetivo 50% fT>CIM y en el 61,8% el objetivo 50% fT>CIM x 4. En el peor escenario, es decir considerando el germen susceptible con CIM más alta, solo el 48,3% de los pacientes cumplieron el objetivo 50% fT>CIM x 4. Los pacientes que no llegaron al objetivo 50% fT>CIM x 4 tuvieron mayor RESUMENARTÍCULO ORIGINALaclaramiento renal que los que sí lo hicieron (160 vs 108,5 ml/min/1,73m2, p= 0,01). Conclusiones: un gran porcentaje de pacientes críticos que recibe betalactámicos no alcanza las metas de PK/PD recomendadas en la actualidad

Introduction: critically ill patients have physiopathological changes that upset the concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim was to determine if the doses of usual use in critically ill patients reach the concentrations associated with maximal activity and to establish the variables of PK/PD that are associated with suboptimal concentrations of antibiotic. Methods: prospective study conducted in an intensive therapy of adults in a period of 13 months. Patients who received cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime or meropenem were included. Dosage of antibiotic concentration in plasma was performed at 50% of the dose interval. The concentration of free antibiotic was calculated and compared with the objective 50% fT>MIC and the objective 50% fT>MIC x 4 for susceptible microorganisms, according to CLSI criteria. The group of patients who met the 50% objective fT>MIC x 4 was compared with the one who did not, in terms of PK/PD variables. Results: 29 determinations and 55 comparisons were included. The objective 50% fT>MIC was reached in 92.7% of the cases and the target 50% fT>MIC x 4 was achieved in 61.8%. In the worst scenario, that is, considering the germ susceptible with MIC higher, only 48.3% of patients met the objective 50% fT>MIC x 4. Patients who did not reach the goal 50% fT>MIC x 4 had greater renal clearance than those who reached the goal (160 vs 108.5 ml/min/1.73m2, p=0.01). Conclusions: a large percentage of critically ill patients receiving beta-lactams do not reach the PK/PD goals recommended nowadays

Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)'s Multidimensional Approach on Rates of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in 14 Intensive Care Units in 11 Hospitals of 5 Cities in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Approach (IMA) and the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS) on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in 14 intensive care units (ICUs) in Argentina from January 2014 to April 2017. DESIGN This prospective, pre-post surveillance study of 3,940 ICU patients was conducted in 11 hospitals in 5 cities in Argentina. During our baseline evaluation, we performed outcome and process surveillance of CLABSI applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Health Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) definitions. During the intervention, we implemented the IMA through ISOS: (1) a bundle of infection prevention practice interventions, (2) education, (3) outcome surveillance, (4) process surveillance, (5) feedback on CLABSI rates and consequences, and (6) performance feedback of process surveillance. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using a logistic regression model to estimate the effect of the intervention on the CLABSI rate. RESULTS During the baseline period, 5,118 CL days and 49 CLABSIs were recorded, for a rate of 9.6 CLABSIs per 1,000 central-line (CL) days. During the intervention, 15,659 CL days and 68 CLABSIs were recorded, for a rate of 4.1 CLABSIs per 1,000 CL days. The CLABSI rate was reduced by 57% (incidence density rate: 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.6; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Implementing IMA through ISOS was associated with a significant reduction in the CLABSI rate in ICUs in Argentina. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:445-451.

Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium's multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 14 intensive care units in 11 hospitals of 5 cities within Argentina.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach (IMA) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in 11 hospitals within 5 cities of Argentina from January 2014-April 2017. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, before-after surveillance study was conducted through the use of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of VAP applying the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. During intervention, we implemented the IMA, which included a bundle of infection prevention practice interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on VAP rates and consequences, and performance feedback of process surveillance. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using a logistic regression model to estimate the effect of the intervention. RESULTS: We recorded 3,940 patients admitted to 14 intensive care units. At baseline, there were 19.9 VAPs per 1,000 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days-with 2,920 MV-days and 58 VAPs, which was reduced during intervention to 9.4 VAPs per 1,000 MV-days-with 9,261 MV-days and 103 VAPs. This accounted for a 52% rate reduction (incidence density rate, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.7; P .001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the IMA was associated with significant reductions in VAP rates in intensive care units within Argentina.